Background: Although great strides were made toward understanding the pathogenesis of ameloblastoma, the malignant transformation potential remains understudied. This study introduces an updated view on the involvement of MDM2, MCM3, and Bcl-X in ameloblastoma variants and ameloblastic carcinoma.
Aim: This study aims to investigate the etiopathogenesis controversial role of MDM2, MCM3, and Bcl-X in ameloblastoma variants and ameloblastic carcinoma.
Methodology: Forty cases were included in the current study, thirty cases of ameloblastoma and ten cases of ameloblastic carcinoma that were immunohistochemically stained for MDM2, MCM3, and Bcl-X antibodies.
Results: Statistically significant positive expression of MDM2, MCM3, and Bcl-X in ameloblastic carcinoma than ameloblastoma variants. Positive expression was highly detected in conventional ameloblastoma than unicystic ameloblastoma.
Conclusion: Immunoreactivity for MDM2, MCM3, and Bcl-X in ameloblastoma variants and ameloblastic carcinoma suggests that these antibodies might be associated with tissue structuring and cytodifferentiation of ameloblastomas and aggressiveness of ameloblastic carcinoma. High levels of MCM3 and MDM2 proteins expression are more sensitive in predicting growth rate of tumors.