The current study was conducted to evaluate posterior maxillary socket preservation using Prehydrated  Collagenated  Cortico-Cancellous  Equine  Xenograft  (Osteobiol®)  compared  to normal socket healing. 22 posterior maxillary extraction sites, indicated for socket preservation and implant placement were included in this study. They were randomly divided into two equal groups; 1-Study group: in which the extraction socket was filled with the bone graft. 2-Control group: in which the extraction socket was left to heal without bone grafting. All patients underwent preoperative evaluation, the target tooth was extracted atraumatically and the alveolar ridge was preserved using Osteobiol Putty bone graft material in the study group cases. All patients underwent follow up for 9 months. During this period they were regularly examined clinically to monitor healing and assess for any complications. Nine months after the first operative phase, bone core biopsy was taken from all cases of both groups, followed by implant placement. Histologic and histomorphometric evaluation of the retrieved biopsies was performed to assess for the amount, type, percentage of new bone formation as well as the osteoblastic/osteoclastic ratio. No major intraoperative or postoperative clinical complications were encountered in both groups. Histologic and histomorphometric examination of the bone biopsies revealed new bone formation in both groups. Morphometric analysis showed that the mean area fraction of the total bone matrix and the lamellar bone area fraction were significantly higher in the study group than the control group. The osteoblastic/osteoclastic ratio was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group. The used grafting material could be successfully utilized for socket preservation in posterior maxilla with minimally invasive procedures without the use of a barrier membrane or a mucoperiosteal flap.