The primary goal of endodontic therapy is the long-term survival of a functional tooth through the prevention and/or treatment of apical periodontitis. However, successful endodontic outcomes depend on many factors, such as the structural integrity of the tooth after root canal preparation and the quality of the final restoration. The field of endodontics is continuously changing due to the introduction of new techniques and technological advances. Currently, minimally invasive endodontics is considered as the recommended approach during root canal therapy, with permanent restorative decisions saved for the postoperative period. Various materials and techniques have been developed and/or proposed to increase the life span of endodontically treated teeth while maintaining adequate root strength and maintaining the balance between biological, mechanical, adhesive, functional, and esthetic parameters. This critical review aims to assess the literature on recent trends in conservative endodontic treatment and adhesive dentistry for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth.