Periodontal disease is a chronic infectious disease caused by specific bacteria and associated of inflammation of the supporting structures of teeth, there is a strong evidence for oxidative stress implication in the progression of periodontitis. Oxidative stress is a condition arising when there is a serious imbalance between the levels of free radicals in a cell and its antioxidant defenses which leads to tissue damage when antioxidant systems are unable to counteract the free radicals action efficiently Smoking also increases ROS production and is a significant source of oxidative stress. It causes depletion of systemic endogenous antioxidant capacity, resulting in increased pro-oxidant burden. Several recent studies have indicated that total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) of plasma seems to be compromised in chronic periodontitis (ChP). The aim of this study is to investigate serum and gingival crevicular fluid GCF (TAOC) in nonsmoker and nonsmoker patients with ChP to assess the effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the levels of (TAOC).
Methods: 20 patients are selected from the outpatient clinic in faculty of dentistry MSA university, 10 patients with severe periodontitis and were nonsmokers (group 1) while the other 10 also with severe periodontitis but were heavy smokers (group 2), both groups received non-surgical periodontal therapy, and daily oral hygiene instructions. Serum (TAOC), GCF samples and periodontal parameters (Plaque index PI, Gingival index GI, Probing depth PD and clinical attachment loss CAL are assessed at base line and one month following therapy.
Results All measures were recorded at base line and after 1 month follow up. Serum TAOC levels showed a significant increase in the chronic periodontitis group (group 1) following the non-surgical periodontal therapy with P value of 0.0146, also in the chronic periodontitis smoker group (group 2) the serum TAOC levels showed a highly significant increase following the non-surgical periodontal therapy with P value of 0.0025, with highly significant difference between both groups where the P value was For the Gingival index, GI, there was a highly significant difference in group 1 and group 2 at the base line and following the treatment with P value <0.0001, with a significant difference between both groups with P value of 0.0368 For the plaque index, PI there was a highly significance difference in group 1 with P value Conclusion In both chronic periodontitis smoker's and nonsmoker's patients, the TAOC levels in serum and gingival fluid are significantly low. Non-surgical periodontal treatment seems to reduce oxidative stress in smokers and non-smokers chronic periodontitis patients, the chronic periodontitis smokers group showed a Significant reduced TAOC in both serum and gingival fluids than the chronic periodontitis non-smokers group.