Background: Preschool children are among the most vulnerable segment of society, suffering from high rates of illnesses. The objective was to provide up-to date estimation of the prevalence of common health problems among preschool children. Additionally, to detect the sociodemographic predictors of these health problems Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with analytic component conducted among preschool children who were attending two health centers in Mansoura, Egypt. An interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire was designed to collect data. Additional physical examination & laboratory investigations were done. Results: A total 400 studied children were included. Mean age was 31.1±12.4 months and 54.2% were males. The main health problems were parasitic infestations (58.5%), dental problems (51.8%), anemia (31.5%), overweight/obesity (25.8%), and underweight for age (23.8%). Predictors of anemia included age from 12 to