Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the commonest acute leukemia in adults. Allogeneic stem cell
transplantation (ASCT) is a curative option for a subset of these patients.
Case Presentation: We report the case of a 36 years old female patient who presented in April 2014 with pancytopenia.
Investigations revealed that she had AML (M6). She achieved complete remission with induction chemotherapy which was
followed by four cycles of consolidation chemotherapy until a human leukocyte antigen-matched donor was available. She
underwent ASCT in January 2015. After 14 months, in March 2016, she presented with left breast and right
parapharyngeal masses. Histopathological examination of the excised mass showed infiltration with myeloid cells and the
bone marrow was normocellular without leukemic infiltration. She received radiotherapy to the affected breast and the
cervical region followed by chemotherapy with good response.
Conclusion: AML relapse following ASCT may be in the form of isolated Extramedullary disease. Further research is
needed to optimize the management of these cases.