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Evaluation of Amoxicillin Content in Commonly Used Multisource Injectable Brands in Veterinary Practice

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Last updated: 01 Jan 2025

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Abstract

The aim is to evaluate amount of amoxicillin in the array of its injectable formulations from multisource marketed and commonly used in veterinary practice in Nigeria. The amount of amoxicillin in each of the 10  brands sampled was analysed using a high-performance liquid chromatography. Thereafter, percentages of the labelled amount of amoxicillin were determined and compared with 90-120%  specified in USP and IP. Samples G, H, and J contained 93%, 98%, and 108%, respectively of the labeled amount of amoxicillin, while B, C, and  A contained only 39%, 56%, and 58%, respectively. Again, samples I, F, D, and E contained 124%, 135%, 147%, and 413%, respectively of the labelled amount. Thus, only brands G, H, and J passed assay quality test (AQT) since the amount of amoxicillin they contained was within the specified USP and IP range, and are considered pharmaceutically equivalent, consequently, interchangeable for intravenous administrations. Whereas, brands A, B, and C failed AQT because they contained less than the amount of amoxicillin required, so even when used prudently there could be therapeutic failure, bacterial resistance, and public health implications. Similarly, brands D, E, F, and I could cause toxicity and high tissue residues because they contained higher than the required and labelled amount of amoxicillin. About 30% and 40% of the analysed amoxicillin brands contained less and more than the required amount of amoxicillin, respectively. However, 30% contained the amount within the specified range. Consequently, there is high rate of substandard amoxicillin injectable brands for veterinary use in Nigeria hence the need for regular monitoring.

DOI

10.21608/ejvs.2019.13433.1082

Keywords

Brands, Assay quality test, Substandard drugs, Pharmaceutical equivalence, Nigeria

Authors

First Name

FIDELIS

Last Name

GBERINDYER

MiddleName

AONDOVER

Affiliation

DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY, COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, MAKURDI

Email

fidegber@yahoo.com

City

MAKURDI

Orcid

https://orcid.org/00

First Name

Charles

Last Name

Olaogun

MiddleName

Sunday

Affiliation

Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan

Email

charle.sunday@yahoo.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Moshood

Last Name

Adedokun

MiddleName

Akinyele

Affiliation

Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan

Email

ramvet.adedokun@yahoo.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Oladipo

Last Name

Omotosho

MiddleName

Olufemi

Affiliation

Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan

Email

oo.omotosho@gmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Kundu

Last Name

Shima

MiddleName

Felix

Affiliation

Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan

Email

kshimaealyx@gmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

Volume

50

Article Issue

2

Related Issue

5167

Issue Date

2019-12-01

Receive Date

2019-06-03

Publish Date

2019-12-30

Page Start

159

Page End

165

Print ISSN

1110-0222

Online ISSN

2357-089X

Link

https://ejvs.journals.ekb.eg/article_48365.html

Detail API

https://ejvs.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=48365

Order

10

Type

Original Article

Type Code

140

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Publication Link

https://ejvs.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Evaluation of Amoxicillin Content in Commonly Used Multisource Injectable Brands in Veterinary Practice

Details

Type

Article

Created At

22 Jan 2023