Introduction: Cement production is a dusty operation with risk of exposure to cement particles during most stages of manufacturing process. Inhalation of cement dust irritates the mucous membranes of the respiratory system which is associated with increased level of serum Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and decreased respiratory function parameters. Workers in this field are at risk to occupational respiratory diseases as asthma, chronic bronchitis and silicosis. Aim of work: This study was carried out to determine the effect of cement dust exposure on the levels of IL-1β as an inflammatory marker and spirometric parameters among cement production workers. Materials and methods: Thirty three workers exposed to cement dust in their workplace participated in the study. A control group of 33 individuals were randomly selected to be matched with the exposed group as regards age, gender, and special habits of medical importance and not exposed to cement. Full medical history and clinical examination were carried out to all participants. Pulmonary function tests (FVC%, FEV1% and FEV1/FVC%) were measured and serum level of lL-1β was measured for both groups. Results: The study revealed that FVC%, FEV1% and FEV1/FVC% were decreased among the exposed group with a statistically significant difference for FEV1 and FEV1/FVC (p<0.05, p<0.001), but not for FVC% (p>0.05). The serum level of IL-1β was increased among the exposed group with a statistically significance difference (p<0.001). The duration of exposure to cement dust was negatively correlated with FVC%, FEV1% and FEV1/FVC% which was statistically significant for FEV1% and FEV1/FVC% but not for FVC%. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the duration of exposure and the serum level of IL-1β among the exposed group (p<0.05). There were statistically significant negative correlations between the serum level of IL-1β among the exposed group and FVC%, FEV1% and FEV1/FVC%. Conclusion: Occupational exposure to cement dust in the workplace is associated with decreased spirometric parameters and increased serum level of IL-1β.