Introduction: Chromium, like many transition metal elements, is essential for life at low concentrations yet toxic to many systems at higher concentrations.Toxic effects of chromium can be classified into sensitizing, caustic and carcinogenic effects. Chromium is one of the best known sensitizing agents; it causes allergic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and occupational asthma. There is sufficient evidence of the carcinogenicity of various chromium compounds in humans encountered via inhalation in industrial applications. Aim of Work: To assess the health effects and carcinogenic potential of chromium exposure in tannery workers with special emphasis on the different job categories for better and detailed evaluation of adverse effects and for more targeted efforts of safety and prevention. Materials and Methods: This work was carried out in twelve small-to medium-sized tanneries, in Misr Al Kadema district in Cairo. The study comprised of two groups, an exposed group (45 male workers) and a matched control group (30 male workers). Equal number of workers (15 workers) representing the different industrial stages of the tanning process were studied in three subgroups of exposed workers, named as preparation, tanning and finishing subgroups. All workers were subjected to a detailed history including present, past, family and occupational history. Clinical examination was performed with special emphasis on chest and skin examination. Laboratory investigations were performed in the form of kidney function test (blood urea and serum creatinine), blood level of Total Anti-oxidant Capacity (TAC), P53 and 
chromium. Also, urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was done. Results: A significant increase of chromium level coupled with a significant decrease of TAC was found in the tanning subgroup of exposed workers. However, there was non-significant difference as regards p53 and urinary 8-OHG between the three subgroups. Conclusion: Our results revealed that workers in the tanning job category have increased level of blood chromium, and this increase is associated with oxidative stress damage especially oxidative DNA damage reflected by significant decrement of TAC serum level and increase ( non significant) in urinary 8-OHG.