Introduction: The widespread use of several electrical and telecommunication applications that produce electromagnetic fields is increasing rapidly. One of the most important organs which affected by numerous types of electromagnetic waves is the thyroid gland.
Aim of the Study: This study targets to explore the effects of electromagnetic fields exposure on the thyroid and the protective influence of Spirulina platensis and vit E .
Material and Methods: Fifty healthy rats of adult male albino type were separated into five equal groups. Control group, EMW-exposed at which, rats were subjected to the effect of electric magnetic field individually 4 hours daily for a period of one month. EMW exposed+ Spirulina treated group at which rats received Spirulina at a dosage of 300 mg/kg b.wt. just previous to EMW exposure daily for one month. EMW exposed + Vit E treated group at which , rats were subjected to EMF like that of group II and given Vit E orally at a dosage of 200 mg/kg. b.wt and a recovery group at which the rats kept for one month after one month of exposure to low frequency electro magnetic field then the thyroid tissues were examined for histopathological and immunohistochemical changes.
Results: The group subjected to EMW showed thyroid follicles with degeneration and disorganization. Also numerous collagen fibers were present within the CT septa in the masson stained thyroid sections .The amount of PAS positive central colloid showed obvious decrease, with Strong Ki-67 immunoreactivity and TGFᵦ1 immuno expression. Spirulina platensis and vit E reduces the effect of EMW on thyroid gland , but vit E revealed obvious increase in the PAS positive central colloid amount, a significant decrease in collagen fibers, Ki-67 immunoreactivity and TGFᵦ1 immuno expression compared with that in spirulina group.
Conclusion: The use of spirulina platensis during the period of EMW exposure considered to has a protecting influence. Meanwhile the utilization of vit E has a more protection than spirulina