BRACHYTHECIACEAE Schimp.includes up to 1117 species worldwide. Eleven of its species were reported from Libya between the years 1914-1931. In the present work, 10 species are recorded, seven of them, namely: Brachythecium rutabulum (Hedw.) Schimp., Eurhynchiastrum pulchellum (Hedw.) Ignatov & Huttunen, Pseudoscleropodium purum (Hedw.) M. Fleisch., Rhynchostegium megapolitanum (Blandow ex F. Weber & D. Mohr) Schimp., Sciuro-hypnum plumosum (Hedw.) Ignatov & Huttunen, Scleropodium touretii (Brid.) L.F. Koch and Scorpiurium deflexifolium (Solms) M. Fleisch. & Loeske. are new records bringing the number of Brachytheciaceae species known from Libya to eighteen. Key and distribution of the 18 species in the Mediterranean countries and in the world are given. Descriptions and illustrations of the seven new records are also provided.