This study measured the livelihood vulnerability index of shrimp farmers to evaluate their vulnerability to climate change by comparing three shrimp farming systems in Tra Vinh province, Vietnam. The analysis is based on the IPCC's framework of vulnerability assessment using three contributory factors – exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Forty-two indicators were assessed for the three dimensions and five types of livelihood capital (human, physical, natural, social, and financial) under the Sustainable Livelihood Framework of Chambers and Conway (1992). A survey was carried out with 300 households, of which 195 were engaged in intensive, 62 in semi-intensive, and 43 in extensive shrimp farming. In general, results indicate that shrimp farmers were vulnerable to climate change at a medium level, with the extensive system being the most vulnerable. Households engaged in semi-intensive shrimp farming showed the lowest level of vulnerability. The intensive farming system was the most vulnerable to climate change in terms of natural, social and financial capitals, while the extensive system was the most vulnerable in terms of human and physical capitals.