Hydrographic parameters are key players in the dynamics of marine ecosystems and can be altered by anthropogenic activities and climate change, especially in coastal areas. These conditions have an impact on production, the growth of plankton and fish species, and play an important role in the air-sea interaction processes. The hydrographic conditions of the Red Sea are unique, with a climate classified as very hot and extremely dry for its location between two broad deserts. The Red Sea and the Gulf of Suez contribution in the total marine fish catch in Egypt accounted for ≈ 40.9% in 2014. Despite the commercially important species of the basin, no study on the fishery or the hydrographical characteristics in the Egyptian Red Sea waters has been conducted. The area of the present work extended to cover the whole domain of the Red Sea, including the Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba. The datasets of both sea surface temperature, salinity, and fish catch in the present study covered the period from 1976 to 2011 (36 years). Results revealed that the salinity alteration is the most hydrographic factor affecting the total fish catch in the Red Sea according to the performed stepwise regression analysis. When the sea surface salinity anomaly (SSSA) increases by one unit, the total fish catch in the Red Sea increases by 84.0 thousand tons per year. Remarkably, only the catch of the Kawakawa species is affected by the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSSTA) variations.