Microalgae are organisms that contain excellent nutrients as a food source. It can be used directly like supplements, medicinals, biofuels, and others. In addition, microalgae are considered a food source for fish in cultivation. This review is to describe the direct and indirect benefits of microalgae as an alternative source of seafood in Banyuasin Estuary, South Sumatra. The data used are secondary data including microalgae biodiversity and biochemical content, as well as analysis of potential fishing zones on chlorophyll-a content and sea surface temperature using Aqua MODIS L-3 imagery in the same season and in different periods August 2013 and 2017. Bacillariophyceae showed the highest abundance with the Chaetoceros genus dominated of the whole observation area, where it was shown from the chlorophyll-a concentration and average sea surface temperature were optimum and stable conditions for fish growth. The Chaetoceros has great potential for development in food, medical, and bioenergy because it is high in protein, lipid, and carbohydrate content. Besides that, it can also be used as a source of food in aquaculture activities of that location.