The cephalopods are known to be commercially and ecologically important around the world. Class Cephalopoda is made up of four major groups, Cuttlefishes, Squids, Octopuses, and Nautilii. The first three groups are present in Egypt in the Mediterranean Sea and in the Red Sea and constitute a main component in the fisheries industry in Egypt. In order to understand the biology and ecology of any species, their identification should be conducted properly to maximize the accuracy of any study. The present monograph is prepared to demonstrate an identification key for the octopus species of the order Octopoda in the Egyptian waters. This is the third publication demonstrating a first-in-kind identification key for the three major cephalopod groups. The first monograph was about the cuttlefishes and the second was about the squids. Six Egyptian Octopus species (Order: Octopoda (Cephalopoda: Mollusca) were recorded; Octopus vulgaris, Octopus macropus, Eledon moschata, Octopus defilippi, Octopus aegina and Octopus membranaceus. Three of them  Octopus vulgaris, Octopus macropus and  Eledon moschata were recorded in Alexandria in the Mediterranean Sea, while Octopus aegina and Octopus membranaceus were recorded in The Gulf of Suezin TheRed sea. Finally, three species; Octopus vulgaris, Octopus macropus  and Octopus defilippi were recorded in both seas. The identification was conducted by means of morphological features and for this purpose, key structures of individuals from each species were dissected and drawn by means of a zoom stereoscopic microscope provided with a Camera Lucida drawing tube. The specimen structures were also photographed by a Canon Digital Camera.