The current study aims to assess the quality of water along Suez Freshwater Canal as well as to evaluate the efficiency of treatment prior reaching the benifeshries. For this aim, water samples were collected for analyse over four seasons from December 2017 to November 2018 at six sites covering the Suez Freshwater Canal situated within the boundary of Suez city. Physico-chemical attributes and phytoplankton community structure were determined both at temporal and spatial scales. A total of 54 genera, 106 species were identified, which belong to Chlorophyta (27 genera, 51 species), Bacillariophyta (11 genera, 30 species), Cyanophyta (10 genera, 16 species), Euglenophyta (3 genera, 4 species), Cryptophyta (1 genus, 3 species), Crysophyta (1 genus, 1 species) and Dinophyta (1 genus, 1 species). Phytoplankton density estimates were greatest during the spring season, lower during the summer season, extremely lower during the winter season, and the lowest density during the autumn season (160 x 10⁵ cells/l, 133 x 10⁵ cells/l, 89 x 10⁵ cells/l and 50 x 10⁵ cells/l, respectively). This may reflect the relatively high polluted status of the Suez Freshwater Canal especially in spring. we have to add some results/indications about physicochemical attributes.