The Red Sea population of the yellow-striped goatfish Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (Lacepède, 1801) was studied to determine the spawning season and characteristics of its reproduction to support fisheries management. Adult fishes were caught with a gill net in the Egyptian Red Sea from January to December 2015. Specimens were dissected and sex ratio, gonado-somatic index, fecundity, maturity stages and egg diameter were determined. Larvae were collected with a plankton net at monthly intervals between January and December 2015. The gonado-somatic index was highest during summer (June-August) with that of females being significantly higher than that of males. Larvae were found between June and August with the highest densities in August. The spawning season of Mulloidichthys flavolineatus was recorded between June and August coinciding with increasing water temperatures. Spawning seasons of fish determined by fish larvae survey is in agreement with those determined by reproductive biology studies.