The present investigation aimed to study the potential role of rice cultivation and fish aquaculture in the transmission of schistosomiasis in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate. This study accomplished in four non-governmental rice fields; three non- governmental fish aquaculture and one governmental of each about one year. It was found that B. alexandrina established in all watercourses next to nongovernmental farms in the whole study, while B. truncatus was observed in certain watercourses next to non-governmental farms. The toxicity of six pesticides (lampada, sylian, saturn, karasay, mancozeb and machete and two fertilizers urea and mixed nitrate) which used in rice cultivation against B. alexandrina and their egg masses and schistosome miracidia and cercariae showed that all pesticides had strong molluscicidal properties and are far toxic than fertilizers. Lampada and karasay were the strongest  pesticides against snails where their LC50 & LC₉₀ were 0.8 & 1.0 and 0.7 & 1.1 ppm, respectively. Also, fertilizers LC₅₀ & LC₉₀ were 2754 & 4092 ppm for mixed nitrate and 9636 & 15937 ppm for urea. Effect of LC₂₅ and LC₅₀ of pesticides and fertilizers on mortality of B. alexandrina eggs explored that fertilizer mixed nitrate more potent effect on the eggs that killed 97.6% and 98.2%, respectively. Followed by Pesticides mancozeb and machete witch caused 94.7 & 95.9% and 94.2 and 97.9% mortality, respectively. The current data indicated that death rates of S.mansoni miracidia and cercariae were started after minutes of exposure to LC₅ of both pesticides and fertilizers. It is concluded that accidental introduction of such pesticides to snails' habitats through plant pests control, low concentrations of the pesticide mancozeb and mixed nitrate inhibited the hatchability of B. alexandrina eggs, also suppressed vitality of S. mansoni larval stages within a short exposure period. As well; they disturb the compatibility of B. alexandrina snails to S. mansoni miracidia.