The present study was conducted to investigate the distribution of bacteria and selected heavy metals (Al, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Co, Ni and Cr) in water samples and in the gills and muscles of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) grown along El- Salam Canal zone. Samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The concentrations of heavy metals in water samples showed the high levels of heavy metals in the studying area. The levels of heavy metals in the fish samples can be considered as a serious matter of concern as it may be consumed and it signifies the degradation of canal quality. Regarding to microbiological analysis, the results showed an increase in some bacterial pollutants which linked with human disease. The counts of pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa ranged from 80 to 200 MPN/100 ml, while that of Salmonella- Shigella varied from 0 to 30 CFUml and E.coli colony number range from 0 to 10. In addition, the fish caught from the study area revealed the presence of different bacterial species. A total of eight bacterial species were isolated from fish and identified biochemically as Salmonella spp., Enterobacter cloacae, Rhizobium radiobacte., Fluorescens spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus iniae and Aeromonas hydrophila. The bacterial count from each sample revealed   44.5 x10⁷ cfug^-1 from the gills, 20 x10⁸ cf ug^-1 from the intestine and   38.75x10⁸ cfug^-1 from the skin. The isolates were found to be of medical importance, so restricted measurements should be taken to inhibit the spreading of pollutant sources in El-Salam Canal.