Accumulation of some heavy metals (copper, iron, manganese, nickel and zinc) and its effect on the hematological indices on the freshwater fish (Oreochromis niloticus) were studied. Fish Samples were collected from the River Nile near El- Kanater El-Khyria and contaminated water from Iron and Steel Basin in El-Safe Village near Helwan, south of Cairo. Results of this study showed that there was a significant difference between the water qualities indices among the two different locations. Meanwhile, fish samples that collected from polluted location showed high values for the hematological indices namely hemoglobin (Hb), red blood count (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), white blood cell count (WBC) and erythrocyte. Moreover, the concentrations of heavy metals were also high in the fish. However, the levels of
the heavy metal accumulation were within the maximum permissible limit for human consumption (FAO, 1992). The order of bioaccumulation of such metals in the liver of fish were Fe > Zn> Cu > Mn > Ni. It was concluded for this study that the discharge of different types of wastes, especially heavy metals from washing process
of Iron and Steel in Helwan Company deteriorated the water quality and consequently affecting the fish. It is recommended to treat the different wastes before discharging to Iron and Steel Basin in ElSafe Village.