This study was carried out on Lake Nasser, Aswan province, Egypt, along of about 330 km, south of Aswan High Dam Reservoir (AHDR) extends to Argeen area near to Sudan border line. The objective of the study was to declare
the distribution pattern and the levels of heavy metals and their effect on the Lake Nasser water quality which is the main source of fresh water in Egypt. Water samples were collected from subsurface and bottom water in 10 stations
along the distance of the Lake Nasser inside of Egypt border during winter and summer 2005, with beginning of the flood period. The results showed that the main factors affecting the physico-chemical properties in the lake are
temperature and flood water. The mean concentrations of Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd and Pb in surface and bottom water increase in southern part than the northern area of the lake, as well as the increase occurs during summer than winter with low temperature and increase of dissolved oxygen. In addition, physicochemical parameters have influenced on the distribution of heavy metals. There is strong positive correlation coefficient between Co with DO, total organic
nitrogen, and NH3 forming stable complexes which dissolve in water. Nickel solubles as NiCO3 at high pH values. Cd has a negative correlation coefficient with SiO3 -, TON, NH3, COD. These correlations reveal that Cd makes many
complexes compounds which precipitate from water to sediment. Pb has a positive correlation coefficient with TSS, temperature and Nitrate; this exhibits increase of lead content with these parameters. However, from the results
obtained, the concentrations of these metals are lying in the permissible limits as compared with World Health Organization (WHO) figures except Cd and Pb during summer in southernmost site of Lake Nasser at Argeen.