Quantitative estimation of macro-bottom fauna in El-Salam Canal was carried out seasonaly from autumn 1999 Lo summer 2000. The macrobenthic community consists of Arthropoda, Annelida and Molhisca. Diversity of benthic fauna in the canal was low due to the shortly constructed water body and its newly established community. Besides, the average biomass in the canal was much higher than that previously recorded in different parts of River Nile. This is attributed to the heavy weight and big size of some molluscan species recorded at the end stations of the canal. Temperature and dissolved oxygen were the most important parameters controlling the distribution of macrobenthic invertebrates in the canal