The main objective of this paper was to know the role of agricultural extension in maintaining soil fertility in the new valley governorate.
The paper depends on data collected from two categories of respondents : a sample of 400 farmers selected randomly from farmers in six  villages belonging to three districts in the new valley governorate and 104 extension workers in the whole governorate . The data were collected by means of personal interview using questionnaire forms prepared for this purpose . Frequencies , Percentage , Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient , and Step Wise Multiple Regression Analysis were used for data analysis using SPSS . Results showed that while the agricultural extension system in the new valley governorate played an obvious role to differ  some recommendations to maintain soil fertility , other recommendations were not known and differed among farmers . Great efforts should be devoted by the extension system in the new valley governorate to differ knowledge and awareness among farmers about such recommendations to maintain soil fertility in the governorate