Egypt is the largest food importing country, as it imports most basic food commodities such as grains, oils and sugar, and is the largest importer of wheat in the world, as it imports about 12.8 million tons at a cost estimated at about 3.2 billion dollars in 2020, which represents about 71% of wheat consumption, which amounts to About 18 million tons, and it imports about 9 million tons of corn at a cost estimated at about 2 billion dollars, which represents about 56% of corn consumption, which amounts to about 16 million tons in 2020, in contrast to Egypt's imports of oil, which amount to 97%, sugar and other basic food commodities. This leads to an increase in the value of imports, which negatively affects the Egyptian trade balance.
The objectives of the research were (1) to identify the Egyptian trade balance, (2) Egyptian imports of the most important agricultural commodities in 2020, (3) trade exchange between Egypt and each of Russia and Ukraine (4) a proposal for a crop installation that maximizes production to achieve a degree of self-sufficiency, (5) The extent to which the proposed cropping structure contributes to reducing the effects of the Russian-Ukrainian war.