The research mainly aimed at examining the agricultural productivity of the most important Oil crops in their production governorates to determine the order of the provinces producing them according to the production merit, which helps in preparing plans and programs to increase production of oil crops to fill the oil gap and provide the payment of Hard currency in importing Oils. The research relied on quantitative and descriptive analysis, percentages and variance analysis to determine whether there are statistically proven differences between productive merit in the Republic's governorates producing the most important Oil crops (cotton, Levantine corn, soybeans, peanuts, sesame, sunflower), km  The use of a test method of the least moral difference L.S.D to arrange the productivity averages of those crops studied, which are suitable for the nature of the problem, and the research on secondary data issued by the economic Affairs sector of the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, and some research has been used The studies are closely related to research and the period of study has been chosen (2000 – 2016), where the results showed the most important provinces producing the crops in question where the governorates of Western, Dakahlia and Assiut are among the most important provinces producing cotton crops during the period in question, and are considered governorates Dakahlia, Giza and Menoufia are among the most important provinces producing the Levantine maize during this period, while the governorates of Menoufia, Sohag and Qalubia are among the most important provinces producing soybean crops during the period mentioned, and the governorates of Giza, Assiut and Sohag are among the most important governorates Produced for the peanut crop, the governorates of Minya, Qena and Sohag are among the most important provinces producing the sesame crop, and the governorates of Giza, Sohag and Galabia are the most important provinces producing the sunflower harvest, and thus it is clear that Sohag governorate the most important provinces production of most of the crops subject Search.