This research aims to identify the changes in the population growth factors in rural New Valley Governorate, and this research was carried out on the population of the New Valley Governorate. The research relied on data of vital statistics (births, deaths, natural increase, emigration) at all levels of the new valley community. Descriptive statistical methods were used as: display tables, numbers and percentages, also graphing by using Excel program. These results showed that the rural birth rate in 2016 increased by 1% over 2006. In urban areas, the birth rate in 2016 increased by 5.1% over 2006. This indicates that the birth rate in urban areas increased at a higher rate than rural areas during that period. The rural mortality rate in 2016 was 13.3 % lower than the rural mortality rate in 2006. In urban areas, the mortality rate in 2016 increased by 47.5% from the urban mortality rate in 2006. In rural areas, the rate of natural increase in 2016 increased by 3.7% over 2006. In urban areas, the rate of natural increase in 2016 decreased by 2.8% from 2006. The rural net migration rate in 2016 decreased by 78.5% over 2006, (12.6 per thousand in 2006 became 2.7 per thousand in 2016). In urban areas, the net migration rate in 2016 increased by 84.5 per thousand in 2006, (9.6 per thousand in 2006 became 1.5 per thousand in 2016).