The main objective of this research was to identify the production situation of oranges and grapes in Egypt and the relative importance of Egyptian exports of them to the BRICS countries, and to estimate some of the competitiveness parameters for both crops within the BRICS's markets.
The competitive parameters for Egyptian oranges and grapes in the markets of the BRICS countries, clearly shows that the market share of Egyptian oranges in the markets of Russia, China, India, Brazil and South Africa amounted to about 63.9%, 13.3%, 81.1%, 0.1%, 3.1% respectively, during the average period (2015-2019), while the market share of Egyptian grapes in each of them was about 5.2%, 0.04%, 5.9%, 0.01%, 39.6%, respectively, during the same period, which indicates a low market share for Egyptian oranges in The markets of Brazil and South Africa, as well as a low market share of Egyptian grapes in the markets of China and Brazil.
It is clear from the price competitiveness criteria that there is a price advantage for Egyptian oranges in the markets of the BRICS countries compared to the prices of the competing countries, namely Morocco, Turkey, South Africa, Spain, Australia and the United States of America, while it was found that there is no price advantage for Egyptian grapes in those markets compared to the prices of each of Turkey And Maldova, while it had a price advantage over the prices of Chilean grapes in the Russian market. In the South African market, it was found that there is a price advantage for Egyptian grapes compared to the prices of Spain and Zambia, and that there is no price advantage for it compared to the prices of Namibia. In the Chinese market, it was found that there is a price advantage for Egyptian grapes compared to the prices of grapes in Australia, Chile and Peru. In the Indian market, it was found that there is a price advantage for Egyptian grapes compared to the prices of American, Peruvian and Chinese grapes.
The results of the study indicate an increase in the value of Egypt's apparent comparative advantage factor in the export of oranges, estimated at about 23.9 during the average period (2015-2019), while its counterpart for the competing countries, namely South Africa, Spain, and the United States of America, amounted to about 21.3, 7.6, and 1.2, respectively. This coefficient of Egyptian grapes was about 7.2, while its counterpart for the competing countries, which are Chile, Italy, and the United States of America, was about 17.1, 2.6, and 1 respectively.
By estimating the market penetration rate of Egyptian oranges and grapes during the average period (2015-2019), it was found that its value is greater than one for Egyptian oranges in the markets of Russia, South Africa and China, which means the ease of penetration of Egyptian oranges to those markets, and less than one in the markets of Brazil and India, which means the difficulty of penetrating of the Egyptian oranges through those markets. It was also found that the value of the market penetration coefficient for Egyptian grapes is greater than the correct one during the same period in the markets of Russia and Brazil, which means that it is easy to penetrate those markets and it accounted for less than one in the markets of South Africa, China and India, which means that it is difficult to penetrate those markets.