Edible mushrooms are considered an important source for the human nutrition nowadays because of their high contents of bioactive compounds (e.g., vitamins, proteins, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, lipids, and polysaccharides). These active ingredients are crucial source for many industries particularly the pharmaceutical and therapeutic fields as well as functional foods. This manuscript focuses on what we called mushrooms and their nutritional profiles, edible mushrooms and their common species, therapeutic applications of edible mushrooms. The potential risks of edible mushrooms for human health were also discussed. Cultivated edible mushrooms in polluted soils may represent a serious potential risk on human health. The harvested edible mushrooms from polluted soils may have a high heavy metal content or other toxic metals or organic polluted or radioactives, which could threaten the human health causing several diseases. The sustainable solutions for producing safe edible mushrooms for human nutrition under different growth conditions are of interest global issue due to edible mushrooms are established as one of he most important sources of human foods.