Despite recent advances in anesthesia and surgical care, perioperativerespiratory morbidity is still a common problem. Pulmonary complications are amajor source of morbidity in surgical patients, second only to cardiovascularevents as a cause of perioperative deathThe safety of patients does not depend solely on the application of standards ofpractice, the purchase of new equipment and the institution of new monitoringtechniques.Safety can be increased only by combining the use of modern technology withimprovement in education, training, supervision, attitudes, standards of clinicalpractice, audit and vigilance.1Therefore, this essay aimed to discuss the most important intraoperativerespiratory problems occurring under general anesthesia.