Background: Autism is a very distressing disorder for parents as it can attack unpredictably, apparently out of nowhere. It seriously affects the whole body, so, this work aimed to study the effect of autism on the rat submandibular salivary glands and to evaluate the possible therapeutic effect of camel milk and leptin hormone. What makes it devastating for parents is that autism can strike unexpectedly, seemingly out of nowhere. A healthy and neurologically normal infant can suddenly regress into autism between the ages of one and two. Materials & Methods: 20 adult albino female rats were mated overnight, each of them received sodium valproate to induce autism in their offspring. Then adult male offspring were used in the present study. The rats were divided into six groups: the control group, represented the healthy untreated rats, the autistic group was left untreated, Camel milk/ control group in which each rat received camel milk as well as in the Camel milk/autistic group, the leptin/control group and the leptin/autistic group which received leptin. Autism was verified through self-grooming test, elevated plus maze test and detection of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in blood samples. Sections of submandibular salivary glands were subjected to H&E and histochemical examination using Fast Green stain. Finally, the mean area of acini, breadth, length, area and number of mitotic figures were measured, and then the obtained data from the different groups were statistically compared. Results: The control group revealed normal histology of the submandibular salivary gland, in the autistic group; the acini showed numerous intracytoplasmic vacuolizations and reduced cytoplasmic basophilia, the granular convoluted tubules revealed decreased eosinophilic granular content, some excretory ducts retained secretion, dilated blood vessels and increased fibrous content was observed in the C.T. septa.in the Camel milk/ control group revealed mild increase in the basophilia of the acini as well as noticeable mitotic figures in many of them when compared to those of the control group, also the cells of the granular convoluted tubules contained more intense granular eosinophlic content. The Camel milk/autistic group was compared to the autistic group, there was marked reduction in the cytoplasmic vacuolizations in the acinar cells as well as increased cytoplasmic basophilia, increased eosinophilic granular content of the granular convoluted tubules and almost normal lining of the duct system. The leptin/control group revealed increased cytoplasmic basophilia and noticeable mitotic figures in the acinar cells and the granular convoluted tubules were larger in size with increased apical eosinophilic granular content. The duct system appeared as that of the control group. In the leptin/autistic group; rare acinar vacuolizations and markedly increased cytoplasmic basophilia were noticed, a noticeable increase in the number of mitotic figures, the granular convoluted tubules revealed an increased granular acidophilic content. The duct system appeared with normal lining when compared with those of the autistic group. Regarding the histochemical results, the submandibular gland of the control group showed moderate reaction to the fast green stain among the acinar and ductal cells, the autistic group revealed a weak reaction to the fast green stain. The Camel milk/ control group showed mild increase in reaction in the acinar and ductal cells compared to those of the control group while the Camel milk/autistic group revealed strong reaction of the basic proteins and histones in comparison to that of the autistic group. The leptin/control group showed increased reaction in the acinar and ductal cells compared to those of the control group, while in the leptin/autistic group; a markedly enhanced reaction occurred when compared to those of the autistic group. The mean area of acini and number of mitotic figures in the autistic rats were reduced compared to the control ones, while in the leptin/autistic group; they were increased when compared to the autistic one. Comparing the camel milk/control with the control group has shown an increase in the length and breadth of the acini. The number of mitotic figures in the leptin/autistic group, was highly increased when compared to that in the camel milk/autistic group. while in the leptin/autistic group; they were increased when compared to the autistic one. Conclusions: Thus, it could be concluded that administration of camel milk and leptin to autistic rats resulted in an obvious improvement in the autistic behavior of autistic rats and the histological features of the submandibular salivary glands.