Aim: The study was conducted to explore the relationship between the children’s preoperative fear as measured by the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) and the actual children’s behavior during treatment as measured by the Modified Venham Scale in the first dental visit.Methods: This study was conducted on 46 healthy children aged between 5 and 7 years attending the outpatient clinic of the department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University. Questionnaires used were the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) and the Modified Venham Scale. Behavior was registered on videotape and scored by independent observers using the modified Venham scale. Treatment consisted of pulpotomy followed by zinc oxide and eugenol dressing.Results: A positive correlation was found between the pre-operative fear score and the child’s behavior during treatment. A positive correlation was also found between the child’s behavior during treatment and the postoperative fear score. On the other hand, an insignificant correlation was found between the pre and post-operative fear score.Conclusion: The child’s anxious behavior during actual restorative dental treatment is related to its own anticipatory dental anxiety.