The available provisions for seismic design of fiber-reinforced polymer-reinforced concrete (FRP-RC) columns were fundamentally derived from design models created for steel-RC ones due to the limited research data on the former. This, in turn, may justify the conservativeness of such provisions, particularly those concerning the design of confinement reinforcement for FRP-RC columns with different shear span-to-depth ratios. This study investigates the effect of shear span-to-depth ratio and axial load level on the seismic response of columns reinforced with glass FRP (GFRP) by testing four full-scale GFRP-RC circular columns under earthquake-simulated loading. A versatile test setup was utilized to enable quasi-static lateral loading along with constant axial loading regardless of the column shear span. The tested short columns failed in flexure although the theoretical analysis predicted a shear type of failure. The experimental results revealed that unlike steel-RC columns, changing the shear span-to-depth ratio insignificantly influenced the hysteretic response of GFRP-RC columns, indicating that the available code provisions for confinement reinforcement and shear design are overly strict.