The purpose of this study was to look at the efficacy and effects of various regimes on diabetic rats. The animals were fed a standard meal for seven days of acclimation. Diabetes was induced. The diabetic group was separated into five subgroups (each with eight rats). The first subgroup (1) was control positive suffering from diabetes fed on basal diet, whereas the other four subgroups were suffering from diabetes treated with Zero, Zone, Atkins, and Mediterranean diets, respectively.. Subgroup (1): Positive diabetic control group fed a basal diet. Subgroup (2): diabetic rats on a zero-calorie diet. Subgroup (3): diabetes rats fed the Zone diet. Diabetes rats on the Atkins diet were assigned to subgroup (4). Obese rats fed a Mediterranean diet were assigned to subgroup (6). The negative normal control group consumed a basal diet. The results indicated a significant decrease in ultimate body weight growth (p≤0.05)for all treated subgroups with high fat/low carbohydrates diets. Rats of subgroups treated with Zero and Atkins diets were the lowest weight followed by those in subgroup MD diet. The lowest cholesterol content was found in rats fed on Zero and Zone diets, while subgroup treated with Zero diet has the highest ALT. All treated subgroups fed in different diet have AST lower than control positive subgroup. Histopathological examination indicated improvement liver as well as cerebral cortex of brain of diabetic rats fed MD diet.