Background: One of the most prevalent medical conditions in the Eastern world nowadays is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Owing to its impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its significant prevalence it has been demonstrated that one in seven residents of Middle Eastern nations has diabetes.
Objectives: This work aimed to determine how sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT 2) inhibitors affect individuals with T2DM mellitus who have chronic renal disease and CVD during critical illness.
Patients and methods: This prospective randomized, double-blind study was carried out on 142 critically ill patients with T2DM and chronic kidney disease or CVD. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups to receive either dapagliflozin 10mg once daily during their stay in the critical care department with the standard care in the intervention group or the placebo with the standard care in the control group.
Results: Both groups' post-treatment echo parameters were comparable. On Days 3 and 4, when compared to the control group, the intervention group's eGFR and creatinine levels considerably improved (p<0.001). There were no appreciable differences between the groups in RBS, troponin I, total cholesterol, or triglycerides (p >0.05). The control group's stay in the intensive care unit was significantly longer than the intervention group.
Conclusion: Dapagliflozin significantly improved renal function. However, it has no effect on cardiovascular events in critically sick patients with type 2 diabetes. Additionally, patients treated with dapagliflozin experienced fewer hospitalizations for coronary artery disease and shorter intensive care unit stays.