Background: Esophageal varices are the most dangerous portosystemic shunts and the esophageal varices bleeding is the common complication for esophageal varices. Nursing intervention aimed to give the patient immediate intervention and preventing the complications. Aim: The study aimed to assess nurses' knowledge and practices regarding care of patients during esophageal varices attack. Design: A descriptive design was utilized in the study. Setting: The study was conducted at Kasr Alainy Internal Medicine Hospital; Emergency Department that affiliated to the Cairo University. Sample: A convenient sample of all available nurses (n=55) was enrolled in the study. Tools: Two tools in the study: Tool I: Self-administered interview questionnaire which included two parts: part I : personal characteristics, part II: nurses' knowledge assessment. Tool II: Nurses' practices observational checklist. Results: 58.2% of the studied nurses had unsatisfactory knowledge level regarding care of patients during esophageal varices attack. Also, 50.9% of the studied nurses had incompetent practices level and 49.1% of the studied nurses had competent practices level regarding total care of patients during esophageal varices attack. Conclusion: more than half of the studied nurses had unsatisfactory knowledge level and less than half had satisfactory knowledge level regarding care of patients during esophageal varices. Additionally, more than half of the studied nurses had incompetent practices level and less than half of them had competent practices level regarding total care of patients during esophageal varices attack. Recommendations: On-going and regular in-service educational and training programs to improve nurses' knowledge and practices regarding esophageal varices attack.