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Eco-Friendly Low-Cost Insecticidal Formulation Extracted from Orange Peel Essential Oil and ZnO Nanoparticles against <i>Tribolium castaneum</i>

Article

Last updated: 27 Apr 2025

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Subjects

-

Tags

Environmental chemistry

Abstract

This study investigated the insecticidal potential of Citrus sinensis (L.) essential oil derived from orange peels, its emulsifiable concentrate (EC), and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles alone and in combination with C. sinensis oil against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). GC/MS analysis of orange peel oil identified 31 compounds, with limonene (45.8%), α-pinene (16.38%), β-pinene (10.49), and γ-terpinene (10.01%) being the most prevalent. EC formulation of C. sinensis oil exhibited good emulsion stability and foam formation, with a separation layer of 1 mL and foam formation of 2 mL. Characterizations of prepared nanoparticles revealed mean sizes of 433.2 nm for zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and 458.4 nm for ZnO-oil nanoparticles. Toxicity assays demonstrated that both C. sinensis essential oil and its EC formulation exhibited insecticidal activity against T. castaneum, with LC50 values of 0.246 and 0.215 g/kg, respectively. ZnO with essential oil NPs formulation achieved 100% mortality at lower concentrations and shorter exposure times than ZnO NPs alone or bulk ZnO. These findings suggest that C. sinensis waste, specifically the peel, can be effectively utilized as a source of natural insecticides. The combination of essential oil and ZnO nanoparticles, showcasing synergistic effects, presents a promising approach for developing sustainable and environmentally friendly pest control solutions for stored grains.

DOI

10.21608/ejchem.2024.293365.9778

Keywords

Citrus sinensis, Zinc Oxide, Botanicals, Emulsifiable concentrate, Nanoparticles, nanoencapsulation

Authors

First Name

Ahmed M.

Last Name

El-Bakry

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of Pests and Plant Protection, Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt.

Email

ah_albakry@hotmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Faten M.

Last Name

Ibrahim

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo P.O. Box 12622, Egypt

Email

fatenibrahim@yahoo.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Nasr M.

Last Name

Abdelmaksoud

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of Pests and Plant Protection, Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt.

Email

nm_nrc@yahoo.com

City

-

Orcid

0000-0003-3860-8153

First Name

Elham A.

Last Name

Sammour

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of Pests and Plant Protection, Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt.

Email

sammournrc@hotmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Nahed F.

Last Name

Abdel-Aziz

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of Pests and Plant Protection, Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt.

Email

nahedmohamed5@hotmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

El Sayed

Last Name

El Habbasha

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Field Crops Research Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt

Email

sayedhabasha@yahoo.com

City

-

Orcid

-

Volume

68

Article Issue

5

Related Issue

54251

Issue Date

2025-05-01

Receive Date

2024-05-28

Publish Date

2025-05-01

Page Start

13

Page End

22

Print ISSN

0449-2285

Online ISSN

2357-0245

Article File

EJCHEM_Volume 68_Issue 5_Pages 13-22.pdf

PDF . 5.1MB

Link

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_381012.html

Detail API

http://journals.ekb.eg?_action=service&article_code=381012

Order

381,012

Type

Original Article

Type Code

297

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry

Publication Link

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Eco-Friendly Low-Cost Insecticidal Formulation Extracted from Orange Peel Essential Oil and ZnO Nanoparticles against <i>Tribolium castaneum</i>

Details

Type

Article

Created At

09 Mar 2025