Background: After childbirth, postpartum depression (PPD) is a common mental health disorder that affects women and is characterized by enduring feelings of sorrow, worry, and exhaustion. Unlike transient "baby blues," PPD symptoms are more severe, lasting longer and requiring clinical intervention. PPD can emerge at any point within the first year postpartum, posing risks to both maternal well-being and infant development if untreated. Aim: This prospective cohort study aims to assess the incidence of PPD and its medico-legal aspects among outpatients at Ain Shams University Hospitals, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Method: A prospective cohort design, this study examines PPD development over time and identifies associated risk factors within a specific population. Results: Findings reveal significant associations between PPD risk and maternal age, marital status, spousal relationship quality, planned pregnancy, obstetric history, and newborn health. Older maternal age, divorced or widowed status, poor spousal relationships, unplanned pregnancy, multiple children, labor complications, and newborn health issues all increase vulnerability to PPD. Conclusion: These results underscore the necessity of targeted screening and intervention strategies, particularly for high-risk groups. Addressing these risk factors through comprehensive obstetric care and psychosocial support can effectively mitigate the impact of PPD on maternal and infant well-being. Further research is warranted to develop tailored prevention and management strategies for PPD in diverse populations.