The research mainly aimed to study some factors affecting women's participation in rural and agricultural activities in Assiut Governorate. The research was carried out on a sample of rural women in Assiut Governorate which consisting of 338 respondents. Data were collected by personal interview questionnaire. Frequencies, percentages, weighted average, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, chi-square, Coefficient of contingency and Step-Wise Multiple regression by using Spss. Excel was also be used by the computer to prepare the illustrations which was included in the research. Results indicated that: the participation of women in rural and agricultural activities is medium in most of the studied activities. It was found that there is a direct correlation between the degree of women's total participation in rural and agricultural activities and each of: educational level, opening up to the outside world, animal ownership, poultry ownership, home appliances ownership, number of family members, farme size, husband education And the level of ambition at the significant level 0.01, 0.05. It was also found that there is a relationship between the degree of total women's participation in rural and agricultural activities and between: marital status and the wife's job at a significant level 0.01, 0.05. This relationship is weak, as the Coefficient of contingency was (0.250 and 0.245) respectively. The results of the Step-Wise Multiple regression showed that the following three variables: animal ownership, educational leve and poultry ownership,contribute about 45% to explaining the total variation in the degree of participation of women in rural and agricultural activities