The current work aims to ensure environmental protection for future generations, reduce pollution generated by textile printing, and address the challenges connected with the use of synthetic colorants, thickeners, and textiles on the natural systems and human health. This research aims to study the effect of using chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles in printing cotton, polyester and their blend fabrics with Vat and direct dyes to assist to reaching health and functional features, developing functional characteristics for textiles, and focusing on staying updated with global trends with the use of nanotechnology, Also, to produce antimicrobial fabrics to enhance the quality of the fabrics, by using two methods Conventional Heat (CH) and Ultrasonic (US) for treatment fabric with chitosan and nano chitosan particles. Color strength (K/S), and all fastness properties were measured for each fabric. The results of the tests obtained that the K/S value of the treated fabrics with chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles higher than the untreated fabrics and all treated fabrics have high fastness values for washing, perspiration, and rubbing. All treated fabric printed with vat dye shows high light fastness properties than the treated fabric printed with direct dye. An ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) values of all the treated fabrics, printed with Vat dye and Direct dye are higher than those of the blank ones referring to more ultraviolet protection. The antibacterial activities of treated samples with chitosan and nano chitosan. have been studied using colony forming technique (CFU) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, the Result show that cotton and polyester fabrics treated with chitosan and nano chitosan using US method have high antibacterial activities than the treated fabric using CH method and the blend cotton/Polyester shown that using CH method more effective antibacterial activities than US method. This led to an enhancement in the function, health features, and appearance of end textiles while keeping the balance of nature, as well as an enhancement in the durability and default life cycle of treated natural materials.