Introduction: Cancer presents a formidable challenge worldwide, spurring the search for novel therapeutic avenues. Natural compounds from medicinal plants offer promising prospects in cancer research. Alkanna orientalis, a member of the Boraginaceae family, has attracted attention for its potential as an anticancer agent. This study aims to assess the cytotoxic activity and phytochemical composition of crude extracts from fresh flowers and leaves of Alkanna orientalis. Methods: Fresh flowers and leaves of Alkanna orientalis were collected and subjected to methanol extraction. The yield of crude extracts was determined. Cytotoxic activity against A549 and HepG-2 cancer cell lines was evaluated using the MTT assay, with IC50 values calculated. Total phenolics and flavonoids were quantified using Folin-Ciocalteu and Hatamnia's methods, respectively. Results: Extraction yielded 6.3% from fresh flowers and 7.92% from fresh leaves. Compound No. 2 exhibited lower IC50 values than Compound No. 1 against both cell lines, indicating stronger cytotoxic activity. Sample No. 2 demonstrated higher total phenolic (93.17 ± 4.76 mg/gm) and flavonoid (65.17 ± 2.58 mg/gm) contents compared to Sample No. 1. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the promising anticancer potential of Alkanna orientalis extracts, warranting further exploration of their mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications in cancer treatment.