Background: Indoor pollutants a significant impact on children's health. Mothers play a crucial role in ensuring the health and well-being of the children, and mothers' awareness of the effects of indoor pollution on child health is essential. Aim: Was to assess the mother's awareness regarding effect of indoor pollution on child health. Research design: A Descriptive research design was used to conduct in this study. Setting: This study was conducted at Maternal and Child Health Center in Benha City. Sample: Simple random sample was used, 392 mothers. Tools: Two tools were used Tool I: A structure interviewing questionnaire included two parts; Part I A): Socio demographic characteristics of mothers. B): Health problems of the children. Part II: Mother's knowledge about indoor pollution. Part III: Mothers reported practices regarding prevention of indoor pollution. Tool II: Environmental checklist design to assess home environmental condition of mothers regarding prevention of indoor pollution. Results: 65.3% of studied mothers were age range from 20 to less than 30 years old, 44.9% of studied children were suffered from redness of eye, 42.9% of studied children suffered from sensitivity on the chest, 48.3% of studied mothers had poor knowledge level about indoor pollution and 49.0% of studied mothers had unsatisfactory reported practices. Conclusion: there were statistically relation between the studied mothers total knowledge score and total reported score.  Recommendations: Health educational program about information and proper practices regarding indoor pollution should be developed and implemented for mothers.