Hemodialysis (HD) patients, as well as dialysis staff, are vulnerable to healthcare-associated infections due to
frequent and prolonged exposures to multiple possible contaminants in the HD environment. Consequently, infection control
is specifically recommended in HD units to reduce the risk of healthcare associated infections (HAIs) and cross
contamination of the environment. The current study aimed to assess the nursing staff's knowledge and performance
regarding infection prevention and control measures at the hemodialysis unit. Method: A cross-sectional study design was
utilized to accomplish this study. A Accidental sample of 40 nurses who were involved in providing direct patient care were
included in the study at the hemodialysis unit in Dekernes General Hospital. Three tools were used to assess the
demographic and occupational data, knowledge, and performance of nursing staff. Results: The study revealed that 70% of
the studied nursing staff had a poor level of knowledge and 67.5% of them had an incompetent performance level regarding
infection prevention and control measures at the hemodialysis unit. Conclusion. Since the nursing staff had a poor level of
knowledge and an incompetent performance level regarding infection prevention and control measures, it is recommended to
develop and implement an effective infection control training program for nursing staff to address the gaps in knowledge and
performance.