Background: Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is a comprehensive, humanized, cost effective, developmentally supportive therapy for hospitalized preterm infants and proven method of care for low-birth-weight infants. It is a useful method for addressing a baby's demands for warmth, nursing, stimulation, safety, and affection as well as for preventing infections and shortening hospital stays. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of kangaroo care educational program on nurses' performance and physiological parameters of preterm neonates. Study design: A quasi-experimental (pre/post-test) research design was utilized. Setting: This study was carried out at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Mansoura University Children Hospital, Mansoura City. Subjects: A convenient sample of 50 nurses working at NICU and a purposive sample of 50 preterm neonates and their mothers in NICU. Results: The study revealed that there was a significant improvement in nurses' knowledge and practices about KMC and also a significant improvement in the physiological parameters of preterm neonates immediately after and three months later than pre implementation of educational program. Conclusion: Implementing an educational program about KMC effectively improved nurses' knowledge and practices and physiological parameters of preterm neonates. Recommendation: Periodic KMC training for nurses is needed and should aim to build nurses' competence in providing KMC in different health care settings.