Three sensors are recommended for measuring azelastine HCl (AZT) in nasal spray and spiked human plasma: the first and second sensors are calix [8]arene and hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin membrane based sensors; respectively. Both sensors consist of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as a polymer and an electro-active agent that forms an inclusion complex with azelastine HCl. Carbon paste-based graphene nanoplatelets, a remarkable material with extraordinary mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, constitute the third suggested sensor.
The IUPAC recommendation data is used to evaluate each sensor. For the three sensors under investigation, the results provided linear responses in the concentration ranges of 1.00*10-2-1.00*10-4, 1.00*10-3-1.00*10-7, and 1.00*10-5-1.00*10-9 M with Nernstian slopes of 48.37, 50.2, and 60.05 mV/decade for sensors 1, 2, and 3; respectively.
Nasal spray of azelastine HCl was effectively analyzed using the three studied sensors, with mean recoveries of 101.40% ± 0.32, 100.88% ± 0.63, and 99.86% ± 0.12 for sensors 1, 2, and 3; respectively.
Although good electrochemical characteristics and successful application were obtained for both sensors one and two in dosage form, the third sensor showed a better response than the first and second sensors. It has a longer lifetime (8.00-11.00 weeks) and better sensitivity, which was successfully applied for the determination of azelastine HCl in plasma with a mean recovery of 99.90% ± 0.60.