Background: Hemodialysis children are more prone to develop complications related to of vascular Access. Therefore, children undergoing hemodialysis procedure requires special nursing care with high skilled personnel trained in the art of hemodialysis procedure to decrease those kinds of complications. Aim: This study aims to assess nurses' performance regarding prevention of vascular access complications among children undergoing hemodialysis. Design: A descriptive exploratory design was utilized in this study. Settings: This study was conducted at the Pediatric Hemodialysis Unit at Children Hospital affiliated to Ain Shams University Hospital and Hemodialysis Unit affiliated to Al-Ayyat General Hospital. Subjects: A convenient sample composed of 62 nurses. Tools for data collection: Tool I: A structured interviewing questionnaire: Tool II: Observation Checklist. Tool III: Nurses' Attitude Rating Scale. Results: Half (50%) of the studied nurses were in the age group 20: <30 years old and about three quarters (74%) of them were female. there are weak correlation between nurses' knowledge and their practice and attitude regarding care of children undergoing hemodialysis. Conclussion: More than three quarters of the studied nurses had average knowledge about preventing vascular access complications among children undergoing hemodialysis. The most of them had incompetent performance toward care of children undergoing hemodialysis, also the majority of the studied nurses has positive attitude about care of children undergoing hemodialysis. Recommendation: Emphasize the importance of continuous training based on actual need assessment of nurses caring for children undergoing hemodialysis therapy. Replication of the current study on larger probability sample and various setting in Egypt to examine the effectiveness nursing intervention on prevention of vascular access complications.