The purpose of this study was to assess mothers' awareness toward chickenpox disease for preschool children. Research design: A descriptive research design was utilized in this study. Setting: This study was conducted in Revolution Nursery School, Omar Ben Abdul-Aziz Nursery School,Amr Ben El-Aas Nursery School. The sample: A convenient sample included 126 mothers and their preschool children, who were attending at the previously mentioned setting. Two instruments were used A structured interviewing questionnaire sheet for mothers awareness and Observational checklist to assess Nursery School Environment. Results of the study revealed that 64.3% of mothers of preschool child had average total knowledge score about chickenpox disease and 73.8% of mothers of preschool child had satisfactory total practice scores. Conclusion: The study conclude that  three fifths of mothers of preschool child had average total knowledge score about chickenpox disease. Less than three quarters of mothers of preschool child had satisfactory total practice scores. Recommendations: Educational guidelines about management of chickenpox should be distributed between mothers of children. Further studies need to focus on improving knowledge and practices of mothers of child with chickenpox disease.