Congenital anomalies (CAs) are a worldwide health problem. They are important causes of childhood deaths, chronic illness, and disability. WHO defined CAs as structural, functional, or metabolic anomalies that originate during intrauterine life and can interfere with the body functions.
Prevalence globally, more than 5 million babies are estimated to be born with CAs each year. Ranked as the fourth leading cause of death worldwide for children under five years.
Risk factors of CAs include; advanced maternal age, prior pregnancy or family history of birth defect, consanguinity, nutritional deficiencies, Maternal diseases, self-medication with potential teratogens, alcohol drinking, drug intake, exposure to ionizing radiation during pregnancy, viral infection and congenital infection.
Diagnosis of a child who presents with multiple congenital anomalies is still a complex issue, also early recognition of some of these anomalies is important for planning care, However, treatment and rehabilitation of these morbid children is difficult, and complete recovery is usually impossible.