Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is no degenerative, congenital insult to the brain from an external mechanical force, possibly leading to permanent or temporary impairment of cognitive, physical and psychosocial functions. Aims assess nurse's knowledge and performance related to the care of children with traumatic brain injury at Assiut University Hospital. A descriptive research design used to conduct this study. The convenience sample involved 71 nurses at Assiut University Hospital (6) working at Cardiopulmonary resuscitations unit, (49) in trauma intensive care unit and (16) trauma intermittent care unit. Results significant differences found between nurse's knowledge and their level of education and between nurse's perform, knowledge and attending training courses (P=0.001). Conclusion the studied nurses had adequate knowledge and performance about traumatic brain injury statistically significant differences were found between nurses. Recommendations were implemented or prepare rehabilitation program for child family to help them to involve in care of child, develop booklet for nurses about management of pediatric traumatic brain injury in Arabic, encourage comities to develop prevention programs for community for prevent child falling. Establishing a small nursing library in hospital units supplied with Arabic recent books nursing periodicals and procedure manuals.