Background: Competency evaluation is a tool that used by healthcare facilities to construct culture of quality affected person care and potentially decrease the incidence of unfavorable results. Therefore; aim of this study was to assess nurses' performance competency for patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Descriptive design has been utilized to carry out this study. The sample consisted of 82 nurses who were working at Surgical Departments of hospitals representing Ministry of Health Hospitals and Assiut University Hospital. Tools used for gathering data were; Nurses interview questionnaire and Nurses' performance Competence Scale. Results revealed that; the highest percent 59.0% of nurses' thier level of competency regarding cholecystectomy was desired to enhance .Conclusion: Nurses' performance competency for patients undergoing cholecystectomy need to be enhanced to reach the excellent level. Recommendation: Continuous inservice training programs are recommended to improve and maintain nursing performance competency for Patients Undergoing Cholecystectomy.