Background, Spontaneous abortion is a failed intrauterine pregnancy that ends before 20 weeks of gestation. Many factors can lead to it such as: age, smoking, etc. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with spontaneous abortion. A descriptive study was the design. Purposive sample of 200 women diagnosed as spontaneous abortion were recruited. The setting was the emergency unit, at Woman's Health Hospital, Assiut university .The tool of data collection was an interview questionnaire which contains personal data, menstrual, obstetrical, medical and current history, other risk factors .The results of the study showed that 81% of study group were aged between 20-35years old, 54.5% were no and low level of education, 90% were from rural areas &91%were housewives. The late abortion represented 57.5%, while the missed abortion was the most frequent type of spontaneous abortions (38%).Nearly half of the study group (47.5%) exposed to passive smoking. The study concludes that the risk factors relating to the spontaneous abortion were rural residency, low level of education, short spacing, exposure to passive smoking & previous abortion. The study recommended to increase the women' awareness about the risk factors of spontaneous abortion .Encouraging early & regular antenatal care (ANC).Encouraging preconception counseling